Beijing Palace Museum

Imperial palaces of Ming and Qing dynasties in China

The imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties of China, formerly known as the Forbidden City, is located at the center of the central axis of Beijing. The Palace Museum in Beijing is centered on three main halls. It covers an area of 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about 150,000 square meters. There are more than 70 palaces and more than 9,000 houses.

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The construction of the Palace Museum in Beijing began in the fourth year of Yongle (1406), based on the Nanjing Palace Museum, and was completed in the 18th year of Yongle (1420). It is a rectangular city, 961 meters long from north to south, 753 meters wide from east to west, surrounded by walls 10 meters high, and a moat 52 meters wide outside the city. The buildings in the Forbidden City are divided into two parts: the outer Court and the Inner Court. The center of the outer Court is the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, and the Hall of Preserving Harmony, collectively known as the three main halls, which are the places where the state holds great ceremonies. The center of the inner Court is the Dry Qing Palace, the Hall of Communication, and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility, collectively known as the latter three palaces, which are the main palaces where the emperor and the empress live.

The Forbidden City in Beijing is one of the largest and best preserved ancient wooden structures in the world. It was listed as one of the first key cultural relics under protection in 1961. It was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1987.

1. Name test

The Forbidden City is also called the Forbidden City. Ancient China pays attention to the planning concept of "harmony between heaven and man", and uses the stars in the sky to correspond with the capital planning, so as to highlight the legitimacy of the regime and the supremacy of the imperial power. The Emperor of Heaven lives in the Purple micro Palace, and the earthly emperor considers himself the "son of Heaven" who is ordered by heaven, and his residence should symbolize the Purple Micro Palace to correspond with the Emperor of Heaven, "The Book of the Later Han" says that "Heaven has the Purple Micro Palace, which is the residence of God. Since the imperial palace was forbidden in ancient times, ordinary people could not enter it, so it was called "forbidden". In the early Ming Dynasty, the outer forbidden wall is collectively referred to as "imperial city", and about the middle and late Ming Dynasty, it is distinguished from the outer forbidden wall, that is, the palace city is called "Forbidden City", and the outer forbidden wall is "imperial city".

2. Building scale

The Forbidden City in Beijing was built by Ming Emperor Zhu Di and designed by Kuai Xiang. Covers an area of 720,000 square meters (961 meters long, 753 meters wide), the construction area of about 150,000 square meters, covers an area of 720,000 square meters, with 1 million migrant workers, built 14 years, there are 9999 houses and a half, according to the actual measurement of experts in 1973, the Palace Museum has more than 90 courtyards, 980 houses, a total of 8707.

The front palace of the Forbidden City, when the architectural shape of the grand and magnificent, the courtyard is clear and open, symbolizing the supreme feudal regime, the Hall of Supreme Harmony is located in the diagonal center of the Forbidden City, with ten auspicious auspicious animals on each corner. The designers of the Forbidden City thought this was to show the majesty of the emperor and frighten the world. The back of the inner court is deep and compact, so the east and west six palaces are their own, each has a palace door wall, relative arrangement, orderly. Behind the inner court is the palace Queen Garden.

The palace is arranged along a north-south central axis, the three main halls, the back three palaces, the imperial garden are located on this central axis. And spread out to both sides, north-south straight, left and right symmetry. This axis runs through not only the Forbidden City, but also the Yongding Gate in the south, the Drum Tower and the bell tower in the north, and runs through the whole city. next